One of the changes that I’m introducing to the media studies program that I teach in is to develop a student culture of criticism. This is the sort of crit practice that seems taken for granted in many studio based disciplines, such as architecture, fine art, and graphic design. It is much rarer in the humanities, where our print traditions have the associated emphasis on individual feedback, privacy, and the written word. Hence students traditionally write essays by themselves, which are read by teachers by themselves, with written comments to be returned to be read by the students, by themselves.
An implication of this is that students don’t really have a context in which to judge their own work, so may not really know why their work is good, poor, or average. What it also means is that when you attempt to do group work, or even get class papers done where you want feedback from students, there is no real understanding or vocabulary on what it might mean, or how to do it. Students tend to respond with generalisations with little idea about what feedback ought to be. It also means that students have not learnt the skills to be able to effectively criticise their own work, for if they can’t respond to someone else’s effectively it would be reasonable to assume that they would have trouble with their own.
Why might developing this be good? Because being able to judge their own work will stand them in good stead as graduates. Because collaborative work is a fundamental feature of networked and media environments and constructive criticism of your own and others’ work leads to more appropriate models of collaborative work. Because by third year I want students to be able to articulate their own learning, and largely be able to assess their own work so that their contexts of practice and learning are understood as contexts of practice and learning.
The problem with all this is that I am a humanities scholar and so don’t actually have any model of criticism beyond that of humanities peer review. In the humanities peer reviewing traditionally happens after the essay is written and then it is anonymous. Good peer reviewing means you receive detailed contextual comments, rather than simply corrections or disagreements, and it does lead to a demonstrable improvement in your work, but it tends to happen rather late in the research (and creative) process. It also is a model that really only works for print and so translates poorly to other forms (this is probably one reason why academic email lists are so prone to flaming). I turned to communications design for help, and my friend Lisa Grocott, who has patiently mentored me in process based teaching over the past two years, for models.
What I’m trying with a group of students at the moment is adapted via Edward de Bono via Lisa and it is de Bono’s six hat exercise. It sounds, to the post-theory-ism academic, well, too untheoretical to be legitimate, but so far it has worked a treat. The exercise uses six coloured hats where:
- White (what information is known or needed, facts)
this is what information you know that informs how you understand the other person’s work, and what you could contribute in terms of facts.
- Red (feelings, hunches, intuitive responses)
this helps develop lateral and creative thinking. Just respond with your instincts about the ideas and the work.
- Black (devils advocate, why something might not work)
as it suggests, raise issues that get in the way with the aims or ambitions of the project and the research.
- Yellow (optimism, what is good in the project and what is positive)
what you like in the project, why you like it. How it might contribute something useful or be worthwhile knowing.
- Green (potential and possibilities, new ideas suggested, alternative directions)
what possibilities does the project or research suggest, what other directions might it go in, what other things could be done, this might refer to more or other research, or different sorts of project outcomes.
- Blue (facilitate and manage the critique)
this is about making sure the critique stays focused and deals with the appropriate issues in an appropriate way, it is too easy for these sorts of discussions to wander off sideways which at the end of the day is simply unproductive.
To introduce this to students I as the teacher stay blue, and each student in the group only gets to try out one ‘hat’, and then for each critique they rotate through the hats. Hence a student presents their work, lets say research in progress, then I move around the group and each student gets to make comments from a single perspective, white, red, black and so on. Then another student presents their work and each critiquing student then changes the colour of their ‘hat’. By limiting students to one hat at a time it is easier to make appropriate comments. As they move through the different colours they also learn which colours are easier to use, whether because of the nature of the work presented or because of their individual skills. The student receiving the critique gets much more structured feedback, and the group as a group are able to contribute successfully. The themes work well, better than I had anticipated, and as a result they help give the class a vocabulary for commentary and feedback, some more work is needed so that intuitive and creative responses, for instance, are more intuitive and creative – this helps the speaker as much as the receiver.
Ideally something like this would be done towards the end of their first year, or early second year (my class at the moment are final semester final year), so that by their third year the students could do each of the ‘colours’ themselves and would also be able to apply this to their own work.
Tags:
Network Literacy,
practice,
teaching